Factbox: Inside Loon’s internet balloon venture

SAN FRANCISCO (Reuters) – Alphabet Inc (GOOGL.O) through Google and other subsidiaries has invested heavily over the last decade to make high-speed internet accessible to billions more people.

Instead of costly rollouts of cell towers or fiber cables, it has considered or tested blimps, satellites, drones and lasers. Other companies are pursuing such technologies. But Alphabet has found balloons to be the most commercially viable option for now. Here are more details on its internet balloon unit Loon, according to the company.

FOUNDED

The start-up was incubated in Google’s research lab in 2011. Loon was spun out as an Alphabet subsidiary in July 2018.

HEADQUARTERS

Loon is located in Mountain View, California, where it has an around-the-clock flight operations center.

BALLOON BASICS

Balloons are made from a thin plastic and filled with helium. They weigh about 165 pounds including an air pump, and carry an additional 165 pounds or so of solar panels, antennas and other equipment. Each balloon is about as long and wide as a tennis court when fully pressurized in the stratosphere at 60,000 feet.

TAKEOFF

Balloons take off from custom launch pads in Nevada and Puerto Rico. The units navigate and change altitude with the help of remote control and algorithms.

LANDING

Balloons descend by parachute at about 12 mph, or about the speed of a skydiver.

REGULATIONS

Loon coordinates with air-traffic control officials in all countries where it operates. Onboard transponders share each balloon’s location.

THE TECH

Networking gear in the balloon connects to a ground station or satellite. Each balloon provides coverage over about 2,000 square miles. But balloons can also relay the internet connection between each other, extending their range without the need for additional ground equipment.

STRENGTHS

Balloons can be positioned above almost any spot on Earth in a couple of weeks or less. Units can be added or removed depending on coverage needs, and their parts can be…